What Does It Mean to Be Fully Alive? A Journey into Human Flourishing
By Caitlin Dang, LMHCA, MACP
From the beginning of time, humans have asked: What does it mean to live a full, meaningful life? We are wired not just to survive, but to thrive. While the journey toward human flourishing may look different for each of us, there are key threads that universally weave through this pursuit—threads that span mind, body, spirit, and our connection to the world and the Divine.
In this blog post, we’ll explore the nature of human flourishing through the lens of theological anthropology—an intersection of theology, psychology, and lived experience. Together, we’ll consider how our internal world shapes our external reality, how the world around us impacts our ability to thrive, and how meaning-making serves as a compass for a life fully lived.
Why Should We Care About Flourishing?
Flourishing is more than just being happy or successful—it’s about living in alignment with our full humanity. Yet access to flourishing is not equal. Historical systems of oppression, trauma, and disconnection have blocked the path for many. This is why we must deeply consider how and why people flourish—or don’t. When we explore these questions, we begin to understand how to build lives, relationships, and communities that support healing, wholeness, and purpose.
The Internal World: Where Flourishing Begins
Human beings are complex and multidimensional. We’re not just minds or bodies—we are also spirits. And each of these aspects must be nurtured if we’re to flourish.
Mind: The Power of Perception
The mind interprets the world, shapes our beliefs, and holds our memories. It’s where our inner narrative lives. When the mind is free from fear, shame, and the need to grasp or cling, we experience a deeper peace. In ancient philosophy, this attunement to meaning—eudaimonia—is what allows us to thrive. A healthy mind is not one without struggle, but one that knows how to process, integrate, and move toward growth.
Body: The Vessel of Experience
Our bodies are more than carriers—they are storytellers. They hold wisdom about our emotional and spiritual states, and when we listen, they reveal what we need. Bodily awareness and autonomy are essential for empowerment and vitality. When we feel safe and in control of our bodies, we begin to feel fully alive.
Spirit: Connection to the Divine
Often overlooked in discussions of health and wellness, the spirit is a critical dimension of human flourishing. Whether through religion, nature, or communal practices, our connection to the Divine (however we define it) points us toward a deeper sense of belonging. Our spirit reminds us that we are not alone and not random. We are connected—to each other and to something greater.
The External World: How Our Environment Shapes Us
While flourishing begins within, it doesn’t end there. Our external realities—culture, relationships, social systems—play a huge role in shaping what’s possible for our lives.
Safety and Trust
Feeling safe is foundational. Without it, our brains become wired for fear, not growth. Safety is both an internal state and an external condition, shaped by our environments, communities, and past experiences. Flourishing requires environments—both physical and relational—where we can trust ourselves and others.
Relationships Rooted in Love
Humans were created for relationship. Love—for ourselves, for others, and for the Divine—is not just an emotion but a pathway to purpose. Mutual, accountable relationships allow us to reflect God’s image and experience healing. Flourishing happens in community, not isolation.
Social Justice and Equity
We must name the barriers: racism, sexism, and other systemic injustices actively inhibit flourishing. When society privileges some and marginalizes others, flourishing becomes a privilege instead of a birthright. Human flourishing calls us to resist these systems and reimagine new ones rooted in justice, dignity, and the sacredness of all life.
Meaning: The Soul of Flourishing
All of this—the mind, body, spirit, our relationships, and our social contexts—comes together in our pursuit of meaning. We are not just meant to live—we are meant to understand why we live.
Nature as Teacher
The natural world reminds us of reciprocity. Just as plants depend on us to carry their seeds, we depend on the earth and each other for growth. Flourishing is mutual. When we care for nature, community, and the self, we all rise.
Suffering and Transcendence
Flourishing does not mean the absence of pain. Suffering is a part of the human condition. But even in suffering, there is potential for growth, connection, and transformation. Through suffering, we come to know ourselves—and perhaps the Divine—in deeper ways. To flourish is to rise beyond the immediate, to transcend, and to find purpose even in struggle.
Becoming Fully Alive
So, what does it mean to be fully alive?
It means tending to the inner world—mind, body, spirit—with gentleness and curiosity. It means building relationships grounded in love, safety, and mutuality. It means naming the systems that wound and imagining ones that heal. And most importantly, it means searching for and living into the meaning of our lives.
There’s no single roadmap to human flourishing. But by honoring these truths, we begin to co-create lives that are rich with purpose, rooted in love, and fully alive.
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Full Research Paper
Abstract
While there is no one direct answer to being a human fully alive, there are some universally shared concepts that bring light to and promote human flourishing. This paper addresses the complex questions, all from a theological anthropology perspective, of what it means to be fully alive, why and how are people meant to live, what is human flourishing, and what promotes and inhibits human flourishing. As humans, we are constantly in relation with the self, others, and the Divine, all of which are interconnected and relevant when exploring the existence of humanity. In no particular order, human flourishing can be reduced down to three major categories: (1) one’s internal experience of one’s self impacts the their external world, and conversely, (2) how the external world impacts the individual’s internal world and their ability to thrive in a given environment, and (3) finding the meaning of life, all of which are examined through the lens of psychology, theology, and biblical studies. In order to explore these concepts, I will begin with why we should care about people’s ability to flourish. Next, I will go in-depth about what is the mind, body, and spirit connection and how each part must have space to be discovered, understood, and nurtured. I will then delve into how an individual’s internal narrative and experience of the world impacts their ability to foster safety, create and maintain meaningful relationships, engage with the world, and feel positive emotions. Following this, I will discuss how the external conditions and/or environment of an individual positively or negatively affects an individual’s ability to flourish. Lastly, I will delve into the importance of making meaning in various aspects of humanity, being, life, death, suffering, love, work, and religion. The paper concludes with a synthesis of each of these three categories which ultimately reveal “What is a human being fully alive?” and how can we use this information to live a full and purposeful life as we were meant to live.
Introduction
What is a Human Being Fully Alive?
The concept of human flourishing has been an idea, or even a state of being, that has been sought after from the beginning of time. It is within our innate behavior to find ways to not only survive, but thrive. Human flourishing is multifaceted, complex, and there is no one right path to live a full life. How it has been defined has varied by time and place, however, we have all been created equally with the common goal to live a life fully alive. While humans are created equally, the reality is some are afforded greater access to human flourishing than others. In order to live a meaningful life, one must first understand what that entails for each individual. Everyone has the capability to live a meaningful life and that can be done through a number of ways as there is no one right way to live. Although human flourishing varies across systems of humanity, I claim that the universal key components are (1) accessing and understanding one’s internal world, (2) being able to experience the external world in all its beauty and barriers, and (3) the pursuit of meaning, because each is core in discovering one’s true being holistically and therefore must be cultivated to create any means of fulfillment.
The Internal World
The Mind, Body, and Spirit Connection
Within the question of “What is a human being fully alive?” lies the question of “What is a human being?” The human can be understood as the “soma (body), psyche (mind) and noös (spirit)—then all three dimensions or modalities or modes of being need to be accessed,” to create the human being. While the human can be divided into these three subcategories, they work together synergistically to create one being. Each has a critical role in human flourishing and without one, human flourishing may be beyond possibility.
The mind
The mind can be interpreted broadly as one’s mental health, one’s ability to process information, and more physiologically, the neural pathways that control thought, behavior, and bodily functions. Despite the various interpretations, all of them are essential for human flourishing. Aristotle created the term eudaimonia, meaning “attunement to the Logos as the source of order in man’s personal, social and historical existence. This is the real meaning of mental health,” as a way to describe human fulfillment. According to him, it is through eudaimonia, in other words mental health, that could allow a person to flourish. This is because the mind plays a significant role in “our ability to absorb and integrate vast amounts of information and attach meaning to it”. The mind is extremely powerful as it creates our perceived reality of the world around us. To be able to flourish, the mind must be free “from fear, from suffering, from a perceived state of lack and insufficiency and therefore from all wanting, needing, grasping, and clinging.”. It is through our mind’s interpretation of the world that can put us in a state of well-being or misery.
The body
The body is the vessel in which we move through life. Without the body, there cannot be a mind or spirit. It not only carries the two, but it provides us with information to our mental, physical, and spiritual health. The mind and body in particular create the mind-body connection in which the mind is able to influence the body, and the body can be used to relay information to the mind. Our physical body is necessary to “feel and interpret our physical sensations; we need to register and act on these sensations to navigate safely through life”. Becoming in-tune with these physical sensations can provide mental clarity because “When our senses become muffled, we no longer feel fully alive”. This goes to show that having bodily awareness and autonomy are crucial in creating a meaningful and fulfilling life. Being able to control one’s body can lead to feelings of empowerment and more importantly, the feeling of being fully alive. Without one’s bodily autonomy, there leaves a major deficit in the mind, body, and spirit connection.
The spirit
Often neglected from systematic beliefs of human flourishing, the spirit of a person, in fact, is a crucial part in overall well-being. Regardless of religion or spiritual beliefs, humanity is interconnected through the Divine in our mere existence and relation to one another. Again, the Divine can be interpreted variously according to an individual’s system, however, we all share the common desire to experience and live through the Divine even in its different meanings. A part of human flourishing comes from people’s desire to move towards communion of the self and to others. In a sense, “Freedom is not just freedom from conditions but freedom to take a stand or stance towards them (spiritual attitude)”. In embodying one’s spirit and connecting to the Divine, one is able to flourish in the imago Dei.
Ability to feel safe
The ability to feel safe is an internal experience as it is lived through the mind and experienced in the body. The ability to feel safe is essential in human flourishing because of the potential negative consequences of the depravity of safety. Humans are constantly in relation with themselves, the Divine, and other human beings and “If you feel safe and loved, your brain becomes specialized in exploration, play, and cooperation; if you are frightened and unwanted, it specialized in managing feelings of fear and abandonment”. Without the feeling of safety, one is left with feelings of fear and abandonment, an antithesis to human flourishing. In order to foster feelings of safety, and thus support exploration, play, and cooperation, one must be able to have the ability to feel safe in one’s body and that requires trust in one’s self and trust in the environment around us. According to Fredrickson, “He states that multiple factors play into how trust is built, being: there is a calculation of risks, gains, and assurances, there may be grounded in social systems and institutions that impact the interaction, it can be justified through the social setting, and dependent on feelings of self-confidence”. To feel safe in one’s body and mind, the work begins in one’s perception of feelings, as well as surrounding one’s self in an environment that provides safety. Even when there is external chaos, being able to feel safe internally can mitigate feelings of stress and anxiety. There have been “Numerous studies of disaster response around the globe have shown that social support is the most powerful protection against becoming overwhelmed by stress and trauma”.
Create loving relationships
Creating loving relationships comes in the form of loving one’s self, loving others, and loving the Divine. In accordance with the imago Dei, humans were created to be in relation with one another and “the human person is, among other things, a being essentially drawn toward relationship with the other, a psychophysical being both grounded in and yet transcendent over its material nature, and a free being capable of engaging in meaningful and accountable relationships”. In relating to one another and creating fulfilling and loving relationships, a person can be supported in moving towards human flourishing. Authentic love can be identified as “limitless, as precarious and as vulnerable”. The idea of love relates to human flourishing because so much of human flourishing relies on the capacity to form meaningful relationships with other human beings. In creating meaningful relationships, love may develop and make those relationships that much more powerful. In fact, there has been research done that supports the idea that relationships are key in human flourishing. It was found that “people who score high in measures of (or closely related to) flourishing enjoy better health, well-being, and longevity across the lifespan, but multiple accounts now implicate the neurobiology of prosociality in human flourishing, which highlights the essential role of supporting others well-being in the potential to flourish oneself”. This reveals that not only is being supported by others crucial to human flourishing, but supporting others in life can too contribute to human flourishing, solidifying the importance of mutuality in relationships. Looking beyond research studies, many “Asian women emphasize the importance of community in their theologies because only in community can humanity reflect God and fulfill the image of God in which we were created for mutual relationship.”. In theologies across the world, mutual relationships emerge in nearly all of them because of its critical role in satisfaction of life. For example, “the Christian view of human relationality is built on the basic human experience of interdependence with others in community”. Human flourishing is not an individual process and is achieved through relationships and community.
Positive attitude towards life
How a person is perceiving life can dictate one’s internal reality and having a positive attitude towards life can promote human flourishing. In being present with reality and “Accepting and understanding the Divine Ground, which Plato calls the Good, and attuning ourselves to the flow of presence, to the Logos which is itself both love and reality, brings ‘the accompanying joy, the eudaimonia—while if we reject it we fall into the state of anxiety’”. A commonality in the stated components of human flourishing is one’s power to move towards human flourishing, however, that takes purposeful and intentional effort to move away from suffering. This noted suffering “is not by God but by humans on themselves and on each other, as well as by certain defensive measures that the Earth, which is living, intelligent organism, is going to take to protect herself from the onslaught of human madness”. It is not God who is creating human suffering, but rather humans inflicting suffering amongst themselves when one is in the position of negativity. It is common that “Some people would always rather be somewhere else. Their ‘here’ is never good enough. Through self-observation, find out if that is the case in your life. Wherever you are, be there totally. If you find your here and now intolerable and it makes you unhappy, you have three options: remove yourself from the situation, change it, or accept it totally.”. There is a part of human flourishing that is not within the control of the being, however, maintaining a positive attitude towards life is an actionable movement towards it.
The External World
Experiences
While much of human flourishing is rooted in one’s internal experience, there are many external factors that can promote or inhibit human flourishing. In order to be happy in this world, Lugones claims that a person must be fluent in that world’s norms, being normatively happy (agreeing with all the norms), and having shared history with those in that world. We as people are all multi-dimensional and the more we accept that we have certain attributes/perceptions in one world and may not in another, the more at peace we can become with ourselves. An issue that has risen has been assimilation, as “assimilation is the destruction of other people's worlds”. Lugones proposes that “traveling to someone’s ‘world’ is a way of identifying with them because by traveling to their ‘world’ we can understand what it is to be them and what it is to be ourselves in their eyes”. People have become disconnected from one another, and can be so immersed in their own experiences and the other is often neglected. To promote human flourishing for all, society must begin to look at “how [certain events] affect people around the world differently depending on various social, political and cultural circumstances”. People of different backgrounds are going to have different experiences and there is no one path to human flourishing.
Racism
When taking into consideration what supports human flourishing, one must consider what may prevent it. Racism is amongst one of the limitations of what allows a person to fully flourish. Especially in the context of Americans, “cultures could be judged and ranked according to the degree to which they met the standards of Euro-American ideals, as though the latter were God-given natural law”. The standards of what has been deemed “human” has been based on whiteness as a result of colonization. In a society where whiteness is viewed as superior, anyone other than has been burdened with greater struggles and unequal opportunities to thrive. In accordance with the imago Dei, all people were created equal and should be treated as such, although that is not the case. That being said, “As people who have known what it means to suffer as a result of one’s color, they can also help to articulate a vision of a just, colorful, and sustainable tomorrow… they must live up instead to the calling of responsible citizenship”. Again, in coming together as humans in the image of the Divine and creating loving relationships, we can move towards human flourishing as a community.
Sexism
Similarly to racism, socially constructed minority groups are faced with greater difficulty achieving human flourishing due to the barriers created by the majority. So much of human flourishing is within our control, yet, there are many external factors that prevent a person from flourishing. Women in particular are at a disadvantage to thrive in this patriarchal society. A prime example being: “Violence against women occurs with high frequency in prostitution”. Times have changed and how we interpret religion and the bible must change with it.Throughout history and even in modern times, women feel pressured to put down other women to hold a place in this patriarchal society. “In order for the biblical texts on women to reach the brothers, they must be incorporated into each preaching event, whatever the gender of the preacher. If the task of the preacher is to preach the “whole counsel of God,” then all of God's people must be addressed utilizing texts throughout the Bible”. In my own understanding of God, he is meant to love all and sees everyone as equal. It has been through biblical interpretation through the male lens that it discriminated against certain groups. Brown also highlights the necessity for people to transform themselves and calls for like minded people to come together to create a system of flourishing and fight against systems of oppression that prevent flourishing.
Religion
As humans, it is important to continue deepening our understanding of ourselves and the world around us, and this includes the interpretation of the Bible. Much of the interpretations of the Bible remain stagnant in their meanings created decades ago. This has caused tension in today’s time and has been harmful to many groups, particularly those not in power. There is subjectivity in the Scripture and what is deemed as right and wrong in a religious context. For that reason, biblical text cannot and should not be taken literally and without the context of modern interpretation. We can go as far as saying, “Christianity is inextricably linked to imperialism”. No doubt that religion has caused harm and prevented human flourishing, but it can also be used to promote it. It seems that “In dealing with traumatic events religion appears to be a resource that increasingly draws the interest of psychological research. ‘When facing a crisis, persons often turn to their spirituality as a means of coping’”. Religion can be extremely powerful in its use to both harm and heal, it is all in the matter of how it is used for or against an individual or group.
Nature
Human flourishing is mutual and interconnected with others and all living things and this can be exemplified through nature. One of Kimmerer's passages states, “The berries trust that we will uphold our end of the bargain and disperse their seeds to new places to grow, which is good for berries and for boys. They remind us that all flourishing is mutual. We need the berries and the berries need us”. Humans are able to learn so much through the natural world that was, too, created by and connected to the Divine. Nature is apart of our external reality and there is “literature from environmental psychology [that] examines how natural and built environments promote human capacities”. To be in communion with nature is to be in communion with the self, all leading towards greater human capacity for flourishing.
Meaning of Life
As humans move through life, navigating one’s internal and external world, there is the desire to know why one should even venture to move through life. This can be answered by viewing life in terms of “purpose, by the struggle for the most meaningful fulfillment of personal existence possible. Failure to fulfill meaning leads to an emptiness of the human heart, to an anxiety that is afraid ultimately of its own nothingness”. Referring back to how much of human flourishing relates to the mind, the reality we create in our minds can vastly impact one’s ability to flourish. Life can be filled with joy, happiness, and on the other hand, suffering. It should be noted, “Even if life can be considered meaningful despite suffering, that does not mean from a logotherapeutic view, that suffering itself is meaningful”. There is a duality in living in both flourishing and suffering, however, the meaning of life does not lie in suffering. People have the capacity to choose the lens in which they see life and this can be done by inviting the real, knowing that our mind and body knows before our consciousness, and that insight is transformational. Knowing is such a powerful tool in life and it is something that needs to be understood as people in order to thrive as an individual and as a community.
Self-transcendence
In creating meaning in one’s life, being able to expand one’s self beyond the physical is the ultimate goal in human flourishing. There is an interconnectedness and multidimensional dance happening between what is being experienced by an individual, how that individual is experiencing the world around them, and finally, knowing that a person can transcend the physical and have a greater purpose in the universe. People are all a part of many interconnected systems, impacting and interacting with one another. To be able to move towards self-transcendence, one must be able to have the capacity to know one’s self. It is, “In Asian women’s perspective, knowledge of the self leads to a knowledge of God. In their suffering, Asian women meet God, who in turn discloses that they were created in the divine image, full and equal participants in the community with men. To know the self is to know God”. Suffering is an inevitable experience of life and that is created from evil. In Gebara’s theological interpretation, “we can say evil is part of the Trinity. It is our task to exorcise it and to struggle against its destructive power in order to see that from it, we can learn something new about our own being and about the life of the earth and of all living things”. In order to self-transcend, one must learn to accept all parts of one’s self and no longer deny who we were created to be in order to live out our purpose in this life and ultimately flourish.
Conclusion
There are many paths to human flourishing as not all people have been allowed the same access to it. All in all, there are three essential parts that come in union to create human flourishing and those are (1) accessing and understanding one’s internal world, (2) being able to experience the external world in all its beauty and barriers which include experiences of racism, sexism, religion, and nature, and lastly, (3) living a meaningful and purposeful live with the ultimate goal of self-transcendence, as each work together in creating a holistic image of a being that embodies the Divine and is a part of it. On a foundational level, “We have learned trauma is not just an event that took place sometime in the past; it is also the imprint left by that experience on mind, brain, and body. The imprint has ongoing consequences for how the human organism manages to survive in the present”. There are core human needs that need to be addressed to before one can focus on self-transcendence. It is through self-awareness when a person is able to cater to needs beyond the physical and mental limitations of human flourishing. In connecting with one’s body, mind, and soul and being able to hold space for others, a person can start to create and maintain healthy and loving relationships – this includes the relationship with one’s self, others, and the Divine. In creating a safe internal world, the external world becomes more manageable as there are barriers to human flourishing. Both the internal and external world “encompasses complexity, paradox and dichotomies as well as ideas of brokenness. The juxtaposition of wholeness and brokenness highlights several additional distinctions: purposive vs. aimless; broad and deep vs. narrow and shallow; flexible and enduring vs. rigid and unstable, balanced, cohesive, and discerning vs. unbalanced, incohesive, and non-reflective”. To be able to flourish, humans must embrace wholeness and all that entails. To be whole, is to embrace evil and suffering. It is in our attitude of how we approach the two that will allow us to live a full and purposeful life. Wholeness is not only found within ourselves, but finding and seeing wholeness in community and within the Divine. In finding purpose and being a part of a greater whole, self-transcendence will bring us to human flourishing.
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